泥石流与主河交汇的试验研究

泥石流入汇主河属于复杂的非牛顿流体与牛顿流体汇流问题,由于其机理的复杂性,一直缺少这方面的研究。本文在试验的基础上,分析了泥石流入汇主河后,汇口附近各水力参数的变化规律。探讨了泥石流入汇后下游水位相对壅高与流量比以及交汇角的关系,得出相对壅水高度随流量比及交汇角的增大而增大的结论。分析了交汇口附近淤积量及淤积率与流量及流量比的关系。30°,60°和120°交汇角情况下,淤积量总体趋势是随支流流量及流量比的增大而增大,淤积率随总流量增大而减小,在主支流量相当时出现最大值;90°交汇时,淤积量随支流流量及流量比的增大而减小,淤积率随总流量增大而增大,在主支流量相当时出现最小值。     

Soil Properties Degradation Assessment Using Infrared Scanning Technique of Soils （Case Study： Eastern of Congo）

Recently, near infrared reflectance （NIR） and mid-infrared （MIR） spectroscopy techniques are increasingly introduced as convenient and simple non-destructive techniques for quantifying several soil properties. This study uses MIR method to predict pH, soil organic C, total N, AI, Ca, Mg and K, CEC and soil texture for soil samples collected in Sud-Kivu, Congo. A total of 536 composite soil samples were taken from two locations （Burhale and Luhihi） at two depths （0-20 cm and 20-40 cm） using a spatially-stratified random sampling design within an area of 200 km2. Differences in characteristics were evaluated between the two locations, land use （cultivated vs. non-cultivated land） with soil depths. A random subset of the samples （10%） were analyzed using standard wet chemistry methods, and calibration models developed by MIR data to estimate soil properties for the full soil sample set. Partial least squares regression （PLS） method gave acceptable coefficients of determination between 0.71 and 0.93 for all parameters. Soil organic matter levels were higher in cultivated plots in Luhihi （3.9% C） than in Burhale （3.0% C）, suggesting lower levels of soil fertility in the later area. This indicates high levels of acidity, which are likely to limit crop production in the area. Phosphorus deficiency is acute in Burhale （2.4 mg P/kg） but less in Luhihi （5.4 mg P/kg）. In both locations, low levels of Ca and Mg indicate that soils may be susceptible to deficiencies in both elements.These findings provide new opportunities for monitoring soil quality in the region which can benefit multiple actors and scientists involved in the agricultural and environmental sectors.     

土壤耕层深度和施肥深度对桔梗根部主要农艺性状的影响

[目的]探索优质高产的桔梗栽培方法。[方法]在15、20、30、40cm的耕深和不施肥、全层施肥、深层施肥（30～40cm）的3个施肥深度条件下,调查桔梗根的主要农艺性状。[结果]在耕深试验中,30cm耕深条件下的主根长最长、根粗最粗、单根鲜重最重,但侧根数也最多;施肥效果为深层施肥的效果好于全层施肥和不施肥。[结论]试验结果对山区、半山区桔梗栽培体系的建立有一定的参考价值。     

土壤固化剂新材料在衬砌渠道中的应用研究

在内蒙古河套灌区首次采用固化土衬砌渠道作为渠道防渗抗冻的新技术。简要说明土壤固化剂原理,通过室内试验得出固化土性能,通过施工实践总结出固化土施工工艺。应用已有和自行开发的土壤固化剂制作固化板,进行防渗、抗冻观测试验,对冻深、冻胀量、防渗效果和工程造价作出定量结论,已在大型灌区田间渠道衬砌中推广应用。     

双掺大流动性混凝土性能研究

研究了不同粉煤灰掺量对双掺大流动性混凝土性能的影响,并结合高效减水剂及粉煤灰的水化机理及混凝土抗压强度、碳化深度对双掺大流动性混凝土作了一定的性能分析论述,总结出其抗压强度及碳化深度之间存在的关系。     

Seismic behavior of reinforced-concrete and steel reinforced concrete ultra short columns

进行了4个钢筋混凝土(RC)超短柱、4个型钢混凝土(SRC)超短柱和6个RC分体柱的滞回性能试验研究.8个超短柱的剪跨比为1;6个分体柱的剪跨比为2.4.试验结果表明,RC超短柱的变形能力不满足现行抗震规范要求.不设剪力连接件的SRC超短柱的破坏模式为黏结破坏,与RC超短柱相比,其抗剪承载力和变形能力并无明显提高;设置剪力连接件的SRC超短柱的破坏模式为斜压破坏,其抗剪承载力和变形能力显著提高,但构件的变形能力仍然难以满足现行抗震规范要求.试验结果还表明,在RC超短柱中开缝,形成剪跨比大于2的RC分体柱,可有效提高柱子的延性和变形能力.对于RC分体柱,随轴压比的提高,构件的抗弯承载力提高,但延性和变形能力下降;当设计轴压比大于0.7时,RC分体柱的变形能力不满足现行抗震规范要求.根据试验结果,提出了SRC超短柱的剪力连接件设计方法和RC分体柱的设计建议.     

天然绿色染料的开发研究

通过提取绿色植物叶绿素染色液， 对木材进行染色试验， 结果表明， 该染色液着染效果较好， 可以得到绿色调纹理的木制品． 初步确定了较适宜的染色工艺， 为木材染色开拓了新空间     

Impact of winter‐to‐spring environmental variability along the Kuroshio jet on the recruitment of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus)

Winter‐to‐spring variability in sea surface temperature (SST) and mixed layer depth (MLD) around the Kuroshio current system and its relationship to the survival rate (ln [recruit per spawning stock biomass], LNRPS) of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) were investigated based on a correlation analysis of data from 1980 to 1995. The data were from a high‐resolution ocean general circulation model using the ‘Kuroshio axis coordinates’, in which the meridional positions are relocated to a latitude relative to the Kuroshio axis at each longitude, rather than the geographically fixed coordinates. A significant positive (negative) correlation between LNRPS and winter MLD (winter–spring SST) was detected near the Kuroshio axis from areas south of Japan (where eggs are spawned) to the Kuroshio Extension (where larvae are transported). This result is in contrast to previous studies using geographically fixed coordinates, which showed a significant correlation predominantly in the area south of the Kuroshio Extension in winter, where at this time few larvae have been found. From the late 1980s to early 1990s, when the survival rate was remarkably low, MLD around the axis was shallow and SST was high. Although MLD and SST show a significant correlation, significant partial correlations were also observed between February MLD and LNRPS when the contribution of SST was excluded, and between March SST and LNRPS when the contribution of MLD was excluded. We presume that MLD shoaling reduced the nutrient supply from deep layers, resulting in less productivity in the spring, and SST warming could have a negative influence on larval growth.     

金枪鱼围网沉降特性

根据沿围网下纲缚扎的10只温度深度计(TDR-2050型)自动记录的23网次有效数据,对中国中西太平洋金枪鱼围网的下纲沉降速度、沉降深度及其与时间的关系进行了研究。结果表明:(1)网具未达到理论沉降深度,网具中部平均沉降深度为160 m,为最大拉紧高度(311.1 m)的51.4%;(2)网具中部沉降深度与时间的关系为h=–0.000 2t2+0.3663 t;(3)网具各部位的沉降速度不同,取鱼部最慢,网具中部次之,后网头最快;(4)下纲各部位沉降速度均随着深度的增加而减小,沉降速度波动幅度随深度增加按大—小—大的规则变化;(5)网具中部沉降速度与时间的关系为:v=3×10–7t2–7×10–4 t+0.418 9。本研究结果可为改善金枪鱼围网沉降性能提供基础数据,并为海上生产提供指导性参考。